Biomass Gasification Technology
The gasification process includes a precision engineered and fabricated biomass conversion system that has unmatched efficiency and environmental benefits. It is an advanced and advantageous method used to convert wood waste, biosolids, solid waste and most organic based feedstocks into a syngas fuel for co-generation of electrical and thermal energy.
Products Details
The 3i Engineering Gasification is a fixed bed, linear downdraft gasifier and produces a high quality gas suitable for any application, including fuel for internal combustion engines, turbines and heat applications. It has no moving parts and is designed and fabricated to rigid specifications and from the highest quality stainless steel and titanium.
The 3i Engineering Gasification utilizes a process that reaches optimum temperatures minutes after startup, producing a high octane, tar-free gas. High (1,200°C to 1,300°C) temperatures ensure near-complete decomposition or cracking of the feedstock material and any otherwise undesirable compounds, thus ensuring an environmentally friendly producer gas that is suitable for any application.
To satisfy increasingly strict emissions regulations, engines that utilize alternative gaseous fuels are now widely used. Natural gas and synthesis gas appear to be greener alternatives for internal combustion engines. In many situations where the price of petroleum-derived fuels is high or where supplies are unreliable, the syngas, for example, can provide an economically viable solution. Syngas is produced by gasifying a solid fuel feedstock such as coal or biomass. The gasification of biomass means near-complete combustion of biomass resulting in production of combustible gases. Syngas consists of about 40% combustible gases, mainly carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4). The rest are non-combustible gases and consists mainly of nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Varying proportions of CO2, H2O, N2, and CH4 may be present.
H2 as a main component of a syngas has very clean burning characteristics, a high flame propagation speed and wide flammability limits. H2 has a laminar combustion speed about eight times greater than that of natural gas, providing a reduction of combustion duration and as a result, an increase in the efficiency of internal combustion (IC) engines, if the H2 content in the gaseous fuel increases. The main point of interest in increasing H2 content in the gaseous fuel is that with the addition of H2, the lean limit of the gas operation can be extended, without going into the lean misfire region. Lean mixture combustion has a great potential to achieve higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions. In particular, the lean mixture combustion will result in low and even extremely low NOx levels with only a slight increase in hydrocarbons.
For greenhouse growers, our proprietary gasification process is an ideal way to convert biomass generated from recovered crop materials into useful, reliable and economical electricity, thermal energy and crop growth-enhancing CO2. With gasification, there is minimal remnant ash and GHG emissions from the gasification process ensuring that maximum calorific yield is achieved from all input materials.
Features
The 3i Engineering Gasification System, a uniquely designed biomass conversion power plant sub-system, is a product of forty years of commercial gasification experience. The facts presented here are more than mere claims. Some facts describe the 3i Engineering Gasification System, and others are excerpted from operators’ logs and independent test reports.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System is a precision designed and built biomass conversion sub-system that has, through its versatility, unmatched efficiency and environmental friendliness. It has helped revitalize a two-hundred-year old technology to a point where it is the preferred method to convert wood waste, chips, CCA, green matter, MSW, sewage sludge and most organic based feedstocks into electricity and heat, worldwide.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System is a fixed bed, linear downdraft gasifier. This fact, alone, ensures a high quality gas suitable for any application, including fuel for internal combustion engines, turbines and heat applications.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System has no moving parts. It is designed and fabricated to rigid specifications from the highest quality stainless steel by skilled craftsman. Because of its exceptional precision, quality materials and craftsmanship, each 3i Engineering Gasification System has an expected lifetime of thirty to forty years, operating at 100%, twenty-four hours a day, every day of the year.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System reaches optimum temperatures minutes after startup, producing a high octane, tar free gas. The high (1200°C to 1300°C) temperature ensures cracking of otherwise undesirable compounds including primary, secondary and tertiary tars thus ensuring an environmentally friendly producer gas.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System is the only biomass conversion system in the world that is protected by, both, a “no risk” one-year performance guarantee and a fully supported 20-year warranty. Support is provided locally, from the factory and through the twenty-four-hour monitoring system made possible by the 3i Engineering Gasification System Manager. The monitoring system also provides twenty-four-hour support for the operator from anywhere in the world through a cellular or internet connection.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System employs a multi-stage “dry” gas cleaning system that enables the gas to be cleaned and polished of all particulate material.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System has its own two-stage “dry” gas cooling system, employed when the producer gas is designated as a fuel for an engine alternator. The cooling system ensures the highest quality fuel at the optimum temperature for each engine specification.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System is capable of receiving a fuel feedstock of any moisture content.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System converts its feedstock at the rate of less than 1.25 kg per kilowatt of electricity in the “gas only mode” and 0.8 kg per kilowatt of electricity in the “dual fuel” mode. The rate of fuel feedstock consumption savings, when compared to other commercial gasifiers of a 1 MWe size, can result in more than 1,295 tonnes per year. The higher rate of efficiency is due to innovations found only with the 3i Engineering Gasification System, the result of years of dedicated research and development with the architecture of the system and the science of the thermochemical process.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System is fully automated and may be monitored, accessed and controlled remotely from the control panel, cellular telephone or internet connection. Although fully automated, any and or all phases of the operation of the 3i Engineering Gasification System may be easily controlled manually as well.
It is not necessary to shut down the 3i Engineering Gasification System during ash removal. The ash removal process is automatic and continuous.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System produces between 0.25%-0.50% ash. This compares favorably to the industry standard of between 1%-2%.
Each 3i Engineering Gasification System undergoes rigorous testing prior to certification for shipment and at the project site. At our factory, each unit undergoes two 24-hour nonstop tests and a 100-hour nonstop “certification” test. On-site during the final testing period, each unit is subjected to another 24-hour nonstop test and a final 100-hour nonstop “system integration” test before being turned over as fully commissioned.
The versatility of the 3i Engineering Gasification System may be found in its ability to gasify many types of natural biomass or densified materials and in various forms without system modifications or alterations. Example: chunks, chips, briquettes and cubes.
The 3i Engineering Gasification System is able to “fit” into any mechanical room, even in a corner. Its analogous design and rectilinear footprint allows for a variation of length width configurations.
The producer gas is clean and free of tar. The high octane gas is suitable to use as fuel for engines, turbines, boilers, kilns, driers or any one of many other applications. Our burners, nozzles and valves are specifically engineered and constructed for any application employing a 3i Engineering Gasification System.
The H3-CHP Clean Energy Systems are capable of operating, at 100%, twenty-four hours a day, year-round. This feature and all of the above are underwritten by our “No Risk” Performance Guarantee and the many years of successful operation protected by a Fully Supported 20-year warranty.
Each H3-CHP Clean Energy System is a “turnkey” project, fully commissioned, anywhere in the world. Each operator is thoroughly trained and fully supported through the monitoring capabilities of the 3i Engineering Gasification System Manager. In other words, when our technicians complete commissioning, one push of a button and your H3-CHP Clean Energy System is operating at 100%!
Process
Gasification is a thermochemical process, the result of the correct interpretation and application of numerous scientific principles requiring a certain order of execution and accompanied by predictable and measurable results.
The fixed bed, downdraft linear process exemplifies the above statement and underscores the simplicity of the technology required for the gasification process. Below is an explanation of the process:
Although some stages of the process occur sequentially and others simultaneously, they are continuous and in equilibrium, while a feedstock and managed primary air are fed to the gasifier to sustain the process.
Except for the feedstock “drying” stage, the other gasification processes occur within the reaction vessel called the gasifier. Because of the high temperature plus the oxidizing and reducing atmospheres which must be developed and sustained within it, the gasifier incorporates special refractory materials, surface treatment and thermal insulating materials, selectively placed to withstand the rigor of the main gasification processes and equally distribute the high heat.
Please note: several generations of the 3i Engineering Gasification System have evolved since this document was prepared by Jack P. Humphries, P.E. Associated. The modifications applied are interior configuration changes and/or alterations, method of feedstock introduction and producer gas handling. Though many of the changes and modifications are proprietary, limited information is available upon request.
Warranty
The 3i Engineering Gasification Hearth is a biomass gasification system designed to convert a biomass fuel into producer gas. The gas may be used for numerous applications including fuel for engines boilers and turbines, while providing recoverable heat in support of the selected applications in which the 3i Engineering Gasification Hearth may be employed.
The 3i Engineering Gasification Hearth is the product of nearly forty years of commercial gasifier design, engineering and fabrication experience, a modern, high tech descendent of a 19th century technology. It has been fabricated by skilled craftsman, using the highest quality materials available, meeting or exceeding national and international standards for similar applications.
The 3i Engineering Gasification Hearth may be a fully automated system or it may be designed for manual operation. When automated, the 3i Engineering Gasification Hearth and each of its ancillary components may be monitored and or controlled manually or remotely by the 3i Engineering Gasification Hearth Manager.
The 3i Engineering Gasification Hearth, fueled at the correct rate of consumption and operated as per the Operator’s Manual, will produce a quantity of gas sufficient to generate the model specific electrical and/or thermal requirements.
The 3i Engineering Gasification Hearth and its ancillary components are warranted to be free of defects and fully operable upon completion of system commissioning, capable of operation as per the system design specifications and the Operator’s Manual.
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